① 璋佺煡閬撴庝箞緇欐枃浠跺姞瀵嗗晩
鍏充簬鍔犲瘑鍜屽畨鍏
瀹夊叏鍦ㄨ＄畻鏈鴻屼笟涓鍙鑳戒細鏄涓姘鎬箙鐨勮瘽棰樸2004騫村埌2005騫撮棿錛屽北涓滃ぇ瀛︾帇灝忎簯鏁欐巿鏀葷牬MD5錛岄檷浣庝簡SHA-1鐨勫畨鍏ㄥ己搴︼紝榪欐洿鏄寮曡搗浜嗗ぇ瀹剁殑鍏蟲敞銆傚苟涓旓紝闅忕潃緗戠粶鎶鏈鐨勫彂灞曞拰鏅鍙婏紝澶у剁殑緗戠粶瀹夊叏鎰忚瘑涔熻秺鏉ヨ秺寮恆傚洜姝わ紝鍦ㄨ繖閲屽瑰姞瀵嗗拰瀹夊叏鐨勫熀紜鐭ヨ瘑鍋氫竴鐐瑰叆闂ㄦц川鐨勪粙緇嶏紝浠ヤ究澶у惰兘瀵硅繖鏂歸潰鏈夋洿鍑嗙『鐨勪簡瑙ｅ拰鎶婃彙錛岃兘鏇村ソ鍦頒繚鎶よ嚜宸遍噸瑕佹暟鎹鐨勫畨鍏ㄣ
鏈鏂囦晶閲嶅瘑鐮佹柟闈㈢殑鍩虹鐭ヨ瘑鐨勪粙緇嶃傛湰鏂囦竴鐩村湪閫愭ヤ慨鏀瑰拰瀹屽杽銆 濡傛灉鍝浣嶆湅鍙嬪湪瀹夊叏鏂歸潰瀛樺湪鐤戞儜鍜岄棶棰橈紝嬈㈣繋鎻愬嚭鏉ワ紝鎴戜滑灝嗗敖鍔涘府蹇欏繪眰瑙ｇ瓟錛屽苟涓板瘜鏈鏂囩殑鍐呭癸紝浠ヤ究鑳藉府鍔╂洿澶氱殑浜恆傚傛灉鏈鏂囧瓨鍦ㄩ棶棰樺拰閿欒錛屼篃嬈㈣繋璇鎬綅緇欎簣鎵硅瘎鎸囨ｃ
1. 璇峰ぇ瀹跺噯澶囧ソ錛屽紑宸ヤ簡
瀵嗙爜瀛︾殑鏂規硶紱繪垜浠騫朵笉閬ヨ繙銆傚畠搴旂敤寰堝箍娉涳紝鍦ㄦ垜浠鏃ュ父浣跨敤璁＄畻鏈虹殑鏃跺欏氨浼氱粡甯哥敤鍒幫紝鍙涓嶈繃鎴戜滑娌℃湁澶氬姞鐣欐剰鑰屽凡銆傛瘮濡傛垜浠鍚鍔╓indows鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鎴戜滑瑕佽緭鍏ュ彛浠わ紝榪欎釜鍙ｄ護鍦ㄧ郴緇熶腑灝辨槸鍔犲瘑鍚庝繚瀛樼殑銆傚湪鎴戜滑涓婄綉鏃訛紝鏈変簺緗戠珯闇瑕佹垜浠寤虹珛瀹夊叏榪炴帴錛岃繖鏃朵篃鏄鍦ㄥ瘑鐮佺畻娉曟敮鎸佷笅榪涜岀殑銆傚湪浣犵殑IE嫻忚堝櫒涓錛岀湅涓涓嬪伐鍏->Internet閫夐」->鍐呭->璇佷功錛屼細鍙戠幇瀵嗙爜鎶鏈鍏跺疄鏃╁凡鍦ㄥ悗鍙伴粯榛樺湴涓烘垜浠宸ヤ綔浜嗐
瀵嗙爜綆楁硶鏈夊緢澶氱嶃傚寘鎷瀵圭О綆楁硶銆侀潪瀵圭О綆楁硶銆佹秷鎮鎽樿佺畻娉曠瓑銆傚圭О鍔犲瘑綆楁硶鍖呮嫭DES鍜孉ES絳夛紱闈炲圭О鍔犲瘑綆楁硶鍖呮嫭RSA銆丏SA銆佹き鍦嗘洸綰跨畻娉曠瓑銆
鎺ヤ笅鏉ュ皢浠ラ愭潯瑙ｉ噴鍩烘湰姒傚康鐨勫艦寮忓逛富瑕佺殑瀵嗙爜瀹夊叏鎶鏈鍋氫竴涓綆鍗曠殑浠嬬粛銆
2. 鏈寸礌鐨勫瘑鐮
鈥滃ぉ鐜嬬洊鍦拌檸錛屽疂濉旈晣娌沖栤︹︹濆ぇ瀹朵竴瀹氬湪鐢靛獎閲岀湅榪囧湡鍖瀵規殫鍙風殑鍦洪潰銆傚叾瀹烇紝鍦熷尓鍙ｄ腑鐨勨滈粦璇濃濆氨鏄涓縐嶆渶鏈寸礌鐨勫瘑鐮併傚彧涓嶈繃榪欑嶅瘑鐮佽繃浜庣畝鍗曪紝緇忎笉璧峰瘑鐮佸﹀剁殑鍒嗘瀽錛岄潪甯稿規槗鐮磋瘧銆
3. 鍑鎾掑瘑鐮
榪欐槸涓涓鍙よ佺殑鍔犲瘑鏂規硶錛屽綋騫村嚡鎾掑ぇ甯濊屽啗鎵撲粭鏃剁敤榪欑嶆柟娉曡繘琛岄氫俊錛屽洜姝ゅ緱鍚嶃傚畠鐨勫師鐞嗗緢綆鍗曪紝鍏跺疄灝辨槸鍗曞瓧姣嶇殑鏇挎崲銆傝╂垜浠鐪嬩竴涓綆鍗曠殑渚嬪瓙錛氣淭his is Caesar Code鈥濄傜敤鍑鎾掑瘑鐮佸姞瀵嗗悗瀛楃︿覆鍙樹負鈥渧jku ku Ecguct Eqfg鈥濄傜湅璧鋒潵浼間箮鍔犲瘑寰楀緢鈥滃畨鍏ㄢ濄傚彲鏄浣犲彲浠ュ皾璇曚竴涓嬶紝鎶婅繖孌靛緢闅炬噦鐨勪笢瑗挎瘡涓涓瀛楁瘝鎹涓哄瓧姣嶈〃涓鍓嶇Щ2浣嶇殑瀛楁瘝鈥︹﹀摝錛岀粨鏋滃嚭鏉ヤ簡銆
鍑鎾掑瘑鐮佺殑瀛楁瘝瀵瑰簲鍏崇郴錛
A b c d e f g h i 鈥 x y z
C d e f g h I j k 鈥 z a b
4. rot13
ROT13鏄緗戠粶涓婂父瑙佺殑涓縐嶇畝鍗曠殑鈥滃姞瀵嗏濇柟寮忋傚畠鏄鐢ㄥ瓧姣嶈〃閲宎錛峬鐨勫瓧絎︽潵浠ｆ浛n錛峼錛岀敤n錛峼鐨勫瓧絎︽潵浠ｆ浛a錛峬瀛楃︺傚畠鐨勫師鐞嗗拰鍑鎾掑瘑鐮侀潪甯哥被浼箋傚嚡鎾掑瘑鐮佺Щ浜2浣嶏紝鑰孯OT13縐諱簡13浣嶃俁OT13閫氬父浣滀負綆鍗曠殑鎵嬫典嬌寰楁垜浠鐨勭數瀛愪俊浠朵笉鑳借鐩存帴璇嗗埆鍜岄槄璇伙紝涔熶笉浼氳閭ｄ簺鍖歸厤紼嬪簭鐢ㄩ氬父鐨勬柟娉曠洿鎺ユ壘鍒般
濡"V Ybir lbh!" 榪欎釜鍙ュ瓙瀹為檯涓婃槸"I Love you!"銆
ROT13瀛楁瘝瀵瑰簲鍏崇郴錛
A b c d e f g h I 鈥 x y z
N o p q r s t u v 鈥 k l m
鏄庣櫧浜嗗悧錛熲滆В瀵嗏濅竴涓嬩笅闈㈢殑鍐呭癸細
jrypbxr gb jjj.syntjner.arg
5. 鍙楅檺瀵嗙爜
涓婇潰璁ㄨ虹殑鈥滃姞瀵嗏濇槸闈炲父綆鍗曠殑錛岀畝鍗曞埌涓嶇敤璁＄畻鏈虹殑甯鍔╁氨鑳芥墜宸ョ牬璇戱紝綆鍗曞埌鍙鑳介槻姝3宀佺殑灝忓瑰瑰伔鐪嬩綘鐨勬枃浠 J
鎴戜滑鍙浠ユ妸榪欎簺綆楁硶鍙樺緱鏇村嶆潅錛屽紩鍏ユ洿澶氱殑鍙樻崲銆佹洿澶氱殑浜ゅ弶鍜屾墿鏁 鈥︹ 榪欐牱涔熻鎬細鏇撮毦鐮磋瘧浜涖備絾鏄錛屽湪榪欎釜鍩虹涓婂彉寰楀啀澶嶆潅錛屼篃榪樿煩涓嶅嚭鈥滃彈闄愬瘑鐮佲濈殑鑼冪暣銆傛墍璋撯滃彈闄愬瘑鐮佲濓紝鏄鎸囩畻娉曠殑瀹夊叏鎬ф槸寤虹珛鍦ㄧ畻娉曚繚瀵嗙殑鍩虹涓婄殑銆備竴鏃︾畻娉曟硠婕忥紝鎵鍔犲瘑鐨勫唴瀹逛篃灝卞畬鍏ㄦ病鏈夊畨鍏ㄦу彲璦浜嗐傛垜浠鍓嶉潰璁ㄨ虹殑綆楁硶灝辨槸鏈夎繖涓鐗圭偣鐨勩
綆楁硶娉勬紡鐨勯棶棰樹嬌寰楄繖綾葷畻娉曠殑搴旂敤鑼冨洿鍙楀埌寰堝ぇ鐨勯檺鍒躲傚熀鏈涓婏紝鐜板湪宸茬粡娌′漢鐢ㄤ簡銆
6. 鐜頒唬瀵嗙爜鎶鏈鐨勫紑濮嬶細瀵嗛掗涓庣畻娉曞垎紱
鍙楅檺瀵嗙爜涓鏃︽硠婕忎簡綆楁硶錛岄偅涔堟墍鏈夊姞瀵嗙殑鍐呭歸兘浼氭洕闇插湪鍏夊ぉ鍖栨棩涔嬩笅銆備嬌鐢ㄨ繖鏍風殑鏂規硶鏉ヤ繚鎶ら噸瑕佷俊鎮鏄寰堝嵄闄╃殑銆傚洜姝わ紝瀵嗙爜瀛﹀舵彁鍑轟簡綆楁硶鍜屽瘑閽ュ垎紱葷殑鎬濇兂銆傝繖鏄瀵嗙爜瀛︾殑涓涓閲岀▼紕戙
瀹冪殑鎬濇兂鏄錛屽瘑鐮佺殑瀹夊叏鎬у彇鍐充簬涓涓瀵嗛掗錛岃屼笉鏄鍙栧喅浜庝竴涓綆楁硶銆傛瘡鏉℃秷鎮鐢ㄤ竴涓狵ey鍔犲瘑錛屽彧瑕並ey涓嶆硠闇詫紝娑堟伅灝辨槸瀹夊叏鐨勩傚嵆浣跨畻娉曞叕寮浜嗭紝涔熷▉鑳佷笉鍒版秷鎮鐨勫畨鍏ㄦс傜幇浠ｇ殑瀵嗙爜綆楁硶錛屽3DES,AES絳夛紝閮芥槸灞炰簬榪欎竴綾匯傚悗闈㈡垜浠灝嗕細瀵硅繖浜涚畻娉曞仛綆瑕佺殑浠嬬粛銆
7. 婢勬竻涓涓瑙傚康錛氶氬父娌℃湁緇濆圭殑淇℃伅瀹夊叏
鍦ㄤ粙緇嶇幇浠ｇ殑瀵嗙爜鍜屼俊鎮瀹夊叏鎶鏈涔嬪墠錛屾湁蹇呰佹緞娓呬竴涓瑙傚康錛氬瘑鐮佹妧鏈閲屾墍鎻愬埌鐨勪俊鎮瀹夊叏鎬ч氬父涓嶆槸緇濆圭殑錛屽畠鏄涓涓鐩稿圭殑鑼冪暣銆
涓浣嶅瘑鐮佸﹀舵浘緇忚繖鏍瘋瘎璁猴細濡傛灉浣犳兂璁╀綘鐨勪俊鎮緇濆瑰畨鍏ㄧ殑璇濓紝浣犲緱鎶婁綘瑕佷繚瀵嗙殑淇℃伅鍐欎笅鏉ヨ呭湪淇濋櫓鏌滈噷錛屾妸淇濋櫓鏌滅剨姝伙紝鍒板お騫蟲磱嫻峰簳鏌愪釜涓嶄負浜虹煡鐨勮掕惤鎸栧潙娣卞煁錛岃繖鏍蜂篃璁鎬細鎺ヨ繎緇濆圭殑瀹夊叏銆傚彲鏄榪欐牱鐨勫畨鍏ㄦ槸娌℃湁鐢ㄧ殑錛屽洜涓鴻繖騫朵笉鑳借╅渶瑕佷俊鎮鐨勪漢寰楀埌瀹冦傛墍浠ワ紝榪欑嶁滃畨鍏ㄢ濇槸娌℃湁鐢ㄧ殑銆傚疄闄呬笂錛岃繖涓嶈兘鍙鍋氣滀俊鎮瀹夊叏鈥濓紝鎶婂畠鍙鍋氣滀俊鎮闅愯棌鈥濅篃璁告洿涓哄悎閫傘
鎴戜滑鎵璁ㄨ虹殑淇℃伅瀹夊叏錛屾槸鏈変嬌鐢ㄤ環鍊肩殑淇℃伅瀹夊叏銆傝繖縐嶅畨鍏ㄦ槸鐩稿圭殑瀹夊叏銆
涓嶈繃鈥滅浉瀵瑰畨鍏ㄢ濆苟涓嶆剰鍛崇潃涓嶅畨鍏ㄣ傛垜浠鏃ュ父鐢熸椿涓鐢ㄧ殑鈥滈攣鈥濆叾瀹炰篃鏄鐩稿圭殑瀹夊叏銆備簨瀹炰笂錛屽瘑鐮佺畻娉曠殑瀹夊叏寮哄害瑕佹瘮騫沖父鐨勯攣鐨勫畨鍏ㄥ己搴﹂珮鍑哄緢澶氬嶃
8. 鐩稿圭殑瀹夊叏
鍦ㄦ暟瀛﹀墮欏啘錛圕laude E.Shanon錛夊壋絝嬬殑淇℃伅璁轟腑錛岀敤涓ユ牸鐨勬暟瀛︽柟娉曡瘉鏄庝簡榪欎箞涓涓緇撹猴細涓鍒囧瘑鐮佺畻娉曪紝闄や簡涓嬈′竴瀵嗕互澶栵紝鍦ㄧ悊璁轟笂閮芥槸鍙浠ョ牬瑙ｇ殑銆傝繖浜涘瘑鐮佺畻娉曪紝鍖呮嫭鐜板湪鐨勫拰榪囧幓鐨勶紝宸茬煡鐨勫拰鏈鐭ョ殑錛屼笉綆″畠澶氫箞澶嶆潅銆佸氫箞鍏堣繘錛屽彧瑕佹湁瓚沖熷己澶х殑璁＄畻鏈猴紝鏈夎凍澶熷氱殑瀵嗘枃錛屼竴瀹氬彲浠ョ牬璇戙
閭ｄ箞灝變駭鐢熶簡榪欐牱涓涓闂棰橈細鏃㈢劧榪欐牱錛岄偅瀵嗙爜榪樻湁浠涔堢敤鍛錛
榪欏氨鏄涓轟粈涔堟垜浠瑕佽ㄨ虹浉瀵瑰畨鍏ㄧ殑鍘熷洜銆
鍓嶉潰鎻愬埌浜嗭紝涓鍒囧瘑鐮侊紝鐞嗚轟笂閮芥槸鍙浠ョ牬璇戠殑銆備絾鏄錛屽彧鏈夊湪鎷ユ湁瓚沖熷己澶х殑璁＄畻鏈虹殑鎯呭喌涓嬫墠鏈夊彲鑳界牬璇戙傚湪瀹為檯涓婏紝涔熻稿苟涓嶅瓨鍦ㄨ繖涔堝己鐨勮＄畻鏈恆傚傛灉鐮磋瘧涓涓綆楁硶闇瑕佺幇鍦ㄦ渶寮虹殑璁＄畻鏈鴻繍綆楀嚑鐧懼勾錛岄偅涔堣繖鏍風殑綆楁硶鍗充嬌鐞嗚轟笂鍙浠ョ牬璇戱紝鍦ㄥ疄璺典腑涔熻繕鏄鏈夊疄鐢ㄤ環鍊肩殑銆
鍥犳わ紝鎴戜滑鍙浠ヨ繖鏍風悊瑙ｇ浉瀵瑰畨鍏ㄧ殑瑙傚康錛氬亣濡備竴鏉′俊鎮闇瑕佷繚瀵10騫達紝濡傛灉瑕佽姳20騫寸殑鏃墮棿鎵嶈兘鐮磋В瀹冿紝閭ｄ箞淇℃伅灝辨槸瀹夊叏鐨勩傚惁鍒欏氨涓嶅畨鍏ㄣ
鍦ㄧ幇瀹炰腑錛岃兘鑾峰緱鐨勮＄畻鑳藉姏鍦ㄤ竴瀹氱▼搴︿笂涓庝粯鍑虹殑緇忔祹浠ｄ環鎴愭瘮渚嬨傚洜姝わ紝涔熷彲浠ヤ粠緇忔祹鐨勮掑害鏉ヨ閲忓畨鍏ㄧ▼搴︺傚亣濡備竴鏉′俊鎮浠峰間竴鐧句竾鍏冿紝濡傛灉闇瑕佽佽姳1000涓囧厓鐨勪唬浠鋒墠鑳藉埗閫犲嚭瓚沖熷己鐨勮＄畻鏈烘潵鐮磋В瀹冿紝閭ｅ畠灝辨槸瀹夊叏鐨勩備絾鏄錛屽傛灉淇℃伅浠峰1000涓囷紝鐢100涓囧厓灝辮兘鑾峰緱瓚沖熺殑璁＄畻鑳藉姏鏉ョ牬瑙ｅ畠錛岄偅涔堝畠灝辨槸涓嶅畨鍏ㄧ殑銆
9. 涓嬈′竴瀵
鍓嶉潰鎻愬埌闄や簡涓嬈′竴瀵嗕互澶栵紝鍏跺畠鐨勫瘑鐮佺悊璁轟笂閮芥槸鍙浠ョ牬瑙ｇ殑銆傞偅涔堜粈涔堟槸涓嬈′竴瀵嗗憿錛熶竴嬈′竴瀵嗗氨鏄姣忎竴嬈″姞瀵嗛兘浣跨敤涓涓涓嶅悓鐨勫瘑閽ワ紙搴熻瘽錛屽拰娌¤翠竴鏍稪錛夈備弗鏍肩殑璇達紝婊¤凍浠ヤ笅鏉′歡鐨勫瘑鐮佹墠鏄鐪熸ｇ殑涓嬈′竴瀵嗭細
a.瀵嗛掗鏄闅忔満浜х敓鐨勶紝騫朵笖蹇呴』鏄鐪熼殢鏈烘暟錛岃屼笉鏄浼闅忔満鏁幫紱
b.瀵嗛掗涓嶈兘閲嶅嶄嬌鐢錛
c.瀵嗛掗鐨勬湁鏁堥暱搴︿笉灝忎簬瀵嗘枃鐨勯暱搴︺
涓嬈′竴瀵嗘槸鏈瀹夊叏鐨勫姞瀵嗙畻娉曪紝鍙屾柟涓鏃﹀畨鍏ㄤ氦鎹浜嗗瘑閽ワ紝涔嬪悗浜ゆ崲淇℃伅鐨勮繃紼嬪氨鏄瀹夊叏鐨勩傝繖縐嶇畻娉曚竴鐩村湪涓浜涜佹眰楂樺害鏈哄瘑鐨勫満鍚堜嬌鐢錛屾嵁璇寸編鍥藉拰鍓嶈嫃鑱斾箣闂寸殑鐑綰跨數璇濄佸墠鑻忚仈鐨勯棿璋嶉兘鏄浣跨敤涓嬈′竴瀵嗙殑鏂瑰紡鍔犲瘑鐨勩備笉綆℃湁澶氬己鐨勮秴綰ц＄畻鏈猴紝涓嶇¤秴綰ц＄畻鏈哄伐浣滃氫箙錛屼篃涓嶇″氬皯浜猴紝鐢ㄤ粈涔堟柟娉曞拰鎶鏈錛屽叿鏈夊氬ぇ鐨勮＄畻鑳藉姏錛岄兘涓嶅彲鑳界牬瑙ｇ敤涓嬈′竴瀵嗘柟娉曞姞瀵嗙殑淇℃伅錛岄櫎闈炲洖鍒伴偅涓鏃朵唬鎷垮埌浠栫敤榪囩殑瀵嗙爜鏈錛堜篃灝辨槸瀵嗛掗錛夈傚墠鑻忚仈闂磋皪鐢ㄤ竴嬈′竴瀵嗘柟娉曞姞瀵嗚繃鐨勪俊鎮灝嗘垚涓烘案涔呯殑璋溿
10. 瀵圭О綆楁硶鐨勬傚康
鎵璋撳圭О綆楁硶灝辨槸鎸囧姞瀵嗗拰瑙ｅ瘑榪囩▼鍧囬噰鐢ㄥ悓涓鎶婂瘑閽ャ傚侱ES,3DES,AES絳夌畻娉曢兘灞炰簬瀵圭О綆楁硶銆備笅闈浼氬硅繖鍑犵嶆湁浠ｈ〃鎬х殑綆楁硶涓涓鍋氫粙緇嶃
11. DES綆楁硶
DES錛圖ata Encryption Standard錛夋槸涓縐嶇粡鍏哥殑瀵圭О綆楁硶銆傚叾鏁版嵁鍒嗙粍闀垮害涓64浣嶏紝浣跨敤鐨勫瘑閽ヤ負64浣嶏紝鏈夋晥瀵嗛掗闀垮害涓56浣嶏紙鏈8浣嶇敤浜庡囧伓鏍￠獙錛夈傚畠鐢盜BM鍏鍙稿湪70騫翠唬寮鍙戱紝緇忚繃鏀垮簻鐨勫姞瀵嗘爣鍑嗙瓫閫夊悗錛屼簬1976騫11鏈堣緹庡浗鏀垮簻閲囩敤錛岄殢鍚庤緹庡浗鍥藉舵爣鍑嗗矓鍜岀編鍥藉浗瀹舵爣鍑嗗崗浼(American National Standard Institute錛 ANSI) 鎵胯ゃ
璇ユ妧鏈綆楁硶鍏寮錛屽湪鍚勮屼笟鏈夌潃騫挎硾鐨勫簲鐢ㄣ侱ES綆楁硶浠庡叕甯冨埌鐜板湪宸叉湁20澶氬勾鐨勫巻鍙詫紝闅忕潃璁＄畻鏈鴻兘鍔涚殑椋為熷彂灞曪紝DES鐨56浣嶅瘑閽ラ暱搴︽樉寰楁湁浜涚煭浜嗐傜幇鍦錛屽凡緇忔湁鍙鑳介氳繃絀蜂婦鐨勬柟娉曟潵瀵瑰叾榪涜屾敾鍑匯備絾鏄闄ゆや互澶栵紝榪樻病鏈夊彂鐜扮┓涓句互澶栫殑鑳芥湁鏁堢牬璇慏ES鐨勬柟娉曘
DES綆楁硶鐨勬暟鎹嫻佺▼鍥懼備笅鍥炬墍紺猴細
12. 涓夐噸DES
DES綆楁硶鐜板湪宸茬粡涓嶈兘鎻愪緵瓚沖熺殑瀹夊叏鎬э紝鍥犱負鍏舵湁鏁堝瘑閽ュ彧鏈56浣嶃傚洜姝わ紝鍚庢潵鍙堟彁鍑轟簡涓夐噸DES錛堟垨縐3DES錛夛紝璇ユ柟娉曠殑寮哄害澶х害鍜112姣旂壒鐨勫瘑閽ュ己搴︾浉褰撱
榪欑嶆柟娉曠敤涓や釜瀵嗛掗瀵規槑鏂囪繘琛屼笁嬈¤繍綆椼傝句袱涓瀵嗛掗鏄疜1鍜孠2錛屽叾綆楁硶鐨勬ラゅ傚浘鎵紺猴細
1. 鐢ㄥ瘑閽K1榪涜孌ES鍔犲瘑銆
2. 鐢↘2瀵規ラ1鐨勭粨鏋滆繘琛孌ES瑙ｅ瘑銆
3. 鐢ㄦラ2鐨勭粨鏋滀嬌鐢ㄥ瘑閽K1榪涜孌ES鍔犲瘑銆
13. AES綆楁硶
1997騫1鏈堢編鍥藉浗瀹舵爣鍑嗗拰鎶鏈鐮旂┒鎵錛圢IST錛夊ｅ竷寰侀泦鏂扮殑鍔犲瘑綆楁硶銆2000騫10鏈2鏃ワ紝鐢辨瘮鍒╂椂璁捐¤匤oan Daemen鍜孷incent Rijmen璁捐＄殑Rijndael綆楁硶浠ュ叾浼樼鐨勬ц兘鍜屾姉鏀誨嚮鑳藉姏錛屾渶緇堣耽寰椾簡鑳滃埄錛屾垚涓烘柊涓浠ｇ殑鍔犲瘑鏍囧噯AES(Advanced Encryption Standard)銆
Rijndael鍔犲瘑錛
Rijndael鏄涓涓瀵嗛掗榪浠ｅ垎緇勫瘑鐮侊紝鍖呭惈浜嗚疆鍙樻崲瀵圭姸鎬佺殑閲嶅嶄綔鐢ㄣ傝疆鏁癗r 鐨勫煎彇鍐充簬鍒嗙粍鍜屽瘑閽ョ殑闀垮害銆傚逛簬AES錛屽綋瀵嗛掗闀垮害涓128姣旂壒鏃訛紝Nr =10錛涘綋瀵嗛掗闀垮害涓192姣旂壒鏃訛紝Nr =12錛涘綋瀵嗛掗闀垮害涓256姣旂壒鏃訛紝Nr =14銆
Rijndael綆楁硶鐨勫姞瀵嗚繃紼嬪傚浘1鎵紺恆傚畠鍖呮嫭涓涓鍒濆嬪瘑閽ュ姞娉曪紝璁頒綔AddRoundKey錛屾帴鐫榪涜孨r-1嬈¤疆鍙樻崲(Round)錛屾渶鍚庡啀浣跨敤涓涓杞鍙樻崲(FinalRound)銆
杞鍙樻崲鐢4涓姝ラょ粍鎴愶細SubBytes錛孲hiftRows錛孧ixColumns鍜孉ddRoundKey銆傛渶鍚庝竴杞涓庡墠Nr -1嬈¤疆鍙樻崲紼嶆湁涓嶅悓錛岀渷鎺変簡鍏朵腑鐨凪ixColumns姝ラゃ
姝ラSubBytes鏄疪ijndael綆楁硶涓鍞涓鐨勯潪綰挎у彉鎹銆
姝ラShiftRows鏄涓涓瀛楄妭鎹浣嶏紝瀹冨皢鐘舵佷腑鐨勮屾寜鐓т笉鍚岀殑鍋忕Щ閲忚繘琛屽驚鐜縐諱綅銆備嬌絎琲 琛岀琷 浣嶇殑瀛楄妭縐誨姩鍒頒綅緗錛坖 -Ci錛塵od Nb錛岀Щ鍔ㄥ嚲縐婚噺Ci 鐨勫間緷璧栦簬Nb 鐨勫彇鍊箋傚叾涓璑b =鍒嗙粍闀垮害/32錛屽逛簬AES錛孨b 鍙栧滻瀹氶暱搴4銆
姝ラMixColumns鏄浣滅敤鍦ㄧ姸鎬佸悇鍒楃殑緗鎹㈢畻娉曘
瀵嗛掗鍔犳硶AddRoundKey灝嗙姸鎬佷笌涓涓杞瀵嗛掗榪涜屽紓鎴栥傝疆瀵嗛掗鏄鐢卞瘑鐮佸瘑閽ラ氳繃瀵嗛掗緙栨帓鏂規圼1]瀵煎嚭銆傝疆瀵嗛掗鐨勯暱搴︾瓑浜庡垎緇勭殑闀垮害銆
Rijndael瑙ｅ瘑:
Rijndael瑙ｅ瘑綆楁硶鏈2縐嶅艦寮忋備竴縐嶆槸鐩存帴瑙ｅ瘑綆楁硶錛屽嵆鐩存帴鍒╃敤姝ラInsubBytes錛孖nvShiftRows錛孖nvMixColumns鍜孉ddRoundKey鐨勯嗗苟鍊掔疆鍏舵″簭瀵規暟鎹榪涜岃В瀵嗐
鍙︿竴縐嶆槸絳変環瑙ｅ瘑綆楁硶錛屽叾瀹炵幇鍘熺悊濡傚浘2鎵紺恆傜瓑浠瘋В瀵嗙畻娉曟湁鍒╀簬鏈夋晥瀹炵幇鑹濂界殑榪愮畻嬈″簭銆
14. 闈炲圭О綆楁硶鐨勬傚康
鎵璋撻潪瀵圭О綆楁硶灝辨槸鎸囧姞瀵嗗拰瑙ｅ瘑鐢ㄧ殑涓嶆槸鍚屼竴涓瀵嗛掗銆
闈炲圭О綆楁硶鐨勫瘑閽ュ垎涓轟簩閮ㄥ垎錛岄氬父縐頒負鈥滃叕閽モ濆拰鈥滅侀掗鈥濓紙鎴栬呯О涓衡滃叕寮瀵嗛掗鈥濆拰鈥滅樺瘑瀵嗛掗鈥濓級銆傚叕閽ュ拰縐侀掗瀛樺湪鏁板︿笂鐨勫叧緋伙紝浣垮緱鐢ㄥ叕閽ュ姞瀵嗙殑鏁版嵁鍙鑳界敤瀵瑰簲鐨勭侀掗瑙ｅ瘑錛岀敤縐侀掗鍔犲瘑鐨勬暟鎹鍙鑳界敤瀵瑰簲鐨勫叕閽ヨВ瀵嗐備絾鏄浠庡叕閽ヤ腑鎺ㄥ煎嚭縐侀掗鏄寰堥毦鐨勶紙鐞嗚轟笂鏄鍙浠ユ帹瀵煎嚭鏉ョ殑錛屼絾鏄瀹為檯涓婃壘涓嶅埌榪欎箞寮虹殑璁＄畻鑳藉姏錛夈
RSA,DSA絳夌畻娉曞睘浜庨潪瀵圭О綆楁硶銆
15. RSA綆楁硶
RSA綆楁硶鏄絎涓涓鑳藉悓鏃剁敤浜庡姞瀵嗗拰鏁板瓧絳懼悕鐨勭畻娉曪紝涔熸槗浜庣悊瑙ｅ拰鎿嶄綔銆俁SA鏄琚鐮旂┒寰楁渶騫挎硾鐨勫叕閽ョ畻娉曪紝浠1978騫存彁鍑哄埌鐜板湪宸茶繎涓夊嶮騫達紝緇忓巻浜嗗悇縐嶆敾鍑葷殑鑰冮獙錛岄愭笎涓轟漢浠鎺ュ彈錛屾櫘閬嶈や負鏄鐩鍓嶆渶浼樼鐨勫叕閽ユ柟妗堜箣涓銆傞氬父璁や負鐮磋瘧RSA鐨勯毦搴︿笌澶ф暟鍒嗚В闅懼害絳変環銆傜畻娉曚互涓変釜鍙戞槑鑰呯殑鍚嶅瓧鍛藉悕錛歊on Rivest, Adi Shamir 鍜孡eonard Adleman銆
RSA綆楁硶鐨勫師鐞嗭細
1銆佸瘑閽ュ圭殑浜х敓錛
閫夋嫨涓や釜澶х礌鏁幫紝p 鍜宷 銆傝＄畻錛 n = p * q
鐒跺悗闅忔満閫夋嫨鍔犲瘑瀵嗛掗e錛岃佹眰 e 鍜 ( p - 1 ) * ( q - 1 ) 浜掕川銆傛渶鍚庯紝鍒╃敤
Euclid 綆楁硶璁＄畻瑙ｅ瘑瀵嗛掗d, 浣垮叾婊¤凍
e * d = 1 ( mod ( p - 1 ) * ( q - 1 ) )
鍏朵腑n鍜宒瑕佷簰璐ㄣ傛暟e鍜宯鏄鍏閽ワ紝d鏄縐侀掗銆備袱涓緔犳暟p鍜宷涓嶅啀闇瑕侊紝搴旇ヤ涪寮冿紝涓嶈佽╀換浣曚漢鐭ラ亾銆
2銆佸姞瀵
鍔犲瘑淇℃伅 m錛堜簩榪涘埗琛ㄧず錛夋椂錛岄栧厛鎶妋鍒嗘垚絳夐暱鏁版嵁鍧 m1 ,m2,..., mi 錛屽潡闀縮錛屽叾涓 2^s <= n, s 灝藉彲鑳界殑澶с傚姞瀵嗙殑鍏寮忔槸錛
ci = mi^e ( mod n )
3銆佽В瀵
瑙ｅ瘑鏃朵綔濡備笅璁＄畻錛
mi = ci^d ( mod n )
16. 鏁ｅ垪綆楁硶
鏁ｅ垪綆楁硶錛屼篃縐頒負鍗曞悜鏁ｅ垪鍑芥暟銆佹潅鍑戝嚱鏁般佸搱甯岀畻娉曘丠ASH綆楁硶鎴栨秷鎮鎽樿佺畻娉曘傚畠閫氳繃鎶婁竴涓鍗曞悜鏁板﹀嚱鏁板簲鐢ㄤ簬鏁版嵁錛屽皢浠繪剰闀垮害鐨勪竴鍧楁暟鎹杞鎹涓轟竴涓瀹氶暱鐨勩佷笉鍙閫嗚漿鐨勬暟鎹銆傝繖孌墊暟鎹閫氬父鍙鍋氭秷鎮鎽樿侊紙姣斿傦紝瀵逛竴涓鍑犲厗瀛楄妭鐨勬枃浠跺簲鐢ㄦ暎鍒楃畻娉曪紝寰楀埌涓涓128浣嶇殑娑堟伅鎽樿侊級銆傛秷鎮鎽樿佷唬琛ㄤ簡鍘熷嬫暟鎹鐨勭壒寰侊紝褰撳師濮嬫暟鎹鍙戠敓鏀瑰彉鏃訛紝閲嶆柊鐢熸垚鐨勬秷鎮鎽樿佷篃浼氶殢涔嬪彉鍖栵紝鍗充嬌鍘熷嬫暟鎹鐨勫彉鍖栭潪甯稿皬錛屼篃鍙浠ュ紩璧鋒秷鎮鎽樿佺殑寰堝ぇ鍙樺寲銆傚洜姝わ紝娑堟伅鎽樿佺畻娉曞彲浠ユ晱鎰熷湴媯嫻嬪埌鏁版嵁鏄鍚﹁綃℃敼銆傛秷鎮鎽樿佺畻娉曞啀緇撳悎鍏跺畠鐨勭畻娉曞氨鍙浠ョ敤鏉ヤ繚鎶ゆ暟鎹鐨勫畬鏁存с
濂界殑鍗曞悜鏁ｅ垪鍑芥暟蹇呴』鍏鋒湁浠ヤ笅鐗規э細
1) 璁＄畻鐨勫崟鍚戞э細緇欏畾M鍜孒錛屾眰h錛滺(M)瀹規槗錛屼絾鍙嶈繃鏉ョ粰瀹歨鍜孒錛屾眰M錛滺-1(h)鍦ㄨ＄畻涓婃槸涓嶅彲琛岀殑銆
2) 寮辯版挒鑷鐢憋細緇欏畾M錛岃佸繪壘鍙︿竴淇℃伅 M鈥詫紝婊¤凍 H(M鈥)錛滺(M)鍦ㄨ＄畻涓婁笉鍙琛屻
3) 寮虹版挒鑷鐢憋細錛岃佸繪壘涓嶅悓鐨勪俊鎮疢 鍜孧鈥詫紝婊¤凍 H(M鈥)錛滺(M)鍦ㄨ＄畻涓婁笉鍙琛屻
鍗曞悜鏁ｅ垪鍑芥暟鐨勪嬌鐢ㄦ柟娉曚負錛氱敤鏁ｅ垪鍑芥暟瀵規暟鎹鐢熸垚鏁ｅ垪鍊煎苟淇濆瓨錛屼互鍚庢瘡嬈′嬌鐢ㄦ椂閮藉規暟鎹浣跨敤鐩稿悓鐨勬暎鍒楀嚱鏁拌繘琛屾暎鍒楋紝濡傛灉寰楀埌鐨勫間笌淇濆瓨鐨勬暎鍒楀肩浉絳夛紝鍒欒や負鏁版嵁鏈琚淇鏀(鏁版嵁瀹屾暣鎬ч獙璇)鎴栦袱嬈℃墍鏁ｅ垪鐨勫師濮嬫暟鎹鐩稿悓(鍙ｄ護楠岃瘉)銆
鍏稿瀷鐨勬暎鍒楀嚱鏁版湁錛歁D5錛孲HA-1錛孒MAC錛孏OST絳夈傚崟鍚戞暎鍒楀嚱鏁頒富瑕佺敤鍦ㄤ竴浜涘彧闇鍔犲瘑涓嶉渶瑙ｅ瘑鐨勫満鍚堬細濡傞獙璇佹暟鎹鐨勫畬鏁存с佸彛浠よ〃鐨勫姞瀵嗐佹暟瀛楃懼悕銆佽韓浠借よ瘉絳夈
17. 鍏充簬MD5鍜孲HA-1絳
2004騫達紝灞變笢澶у︾帇灝忎簯鏁欐巿鏀葷牬浜哅D5綆楁硶錛屽紩璧峰瘑鐮佸︾晫鐨勮僵鐒跺ぇ娉銆
MD5鐨勫叏縐版槸Message-Digest Algorithm 5錛堜俊鎮-鎽樿佺畻娉曪級錛屽湪90騫翠唬鍒濈敱MIT Laboratory for Computer Science鍜孯SA Data Security Inc鐨凴onald L. Rivest寮鍙戝嚭鏉ワ紝緇廙D2銆丮D3鍜孧D4鍙戝睍鑰屾潵銆
2004騫8鏈17鏃ョ殑緹庡浗鍔犲窞鍦ｅ反宸存媺鍙寮鐨勫浗闄呭瘑鐮佸︿細璁錛圕rypto鈥2004錛夊畨鎺掍簡涓夊満鍏充簬鏉傚噾鍑芥暟鐨勭壒鍒鎶ュ憡銆傚湪鍥介檯钁楀悕瀵嗙爜瀛﹀禘li Biham鍜孉ntoine Joux鐩哥戶鍋氫簡瀵筍HA-1鐨勫垎鏋愪笌緇欏嚭SHA-0鐨勪竴涓紕版挒涔嬪悗錛屾潵鑷灞變笢澶у︾殑鐜嬪皬浜戞暀鎺堝仛浜嗙牬璇慚D5銆丠AVAL-128銆 MD4鍜孯IPEMD綆楁硶鐨勬姤鍛娿傜帇灝忎簯鏁欐巿鐨勬姤鍛婅槳鍔ㄤ簡鍏ㄥ満錛屽緱鍒頒簡涓庝細涓撳剁殑璧炲徆銆
涓嶄箙錛屽瘑鐮佸﹀禠enstra鍒╃敤鐜嬪皬浜戞彁渚涚殑MD5紕版挒錛屼吉閫犱簡絎﹀悎X.509鏍囧噯鐨勬暟瀛楄瘉涔︼紝榪欏氨璇存槑浜哅D5鐨勭牬璇戝凡緇忎笉浠呬粎鏄鐞嗚虹牬璇戠粨鏋滐紝鑰屾槸鍙浠ュ艱嚧瀹為檯鐨勬敾鍑伙紝MD5鐨勬挙鍑鴻揩鍦ㄧ湁鐫銆
瀹夊叏鏁ｅ垪綆楁硶1(SHA-1錛夋槸鐢盢SA璁捐＄殑錛屽苟鐢盢IST灝嗗叾鏀跺綍鍒 FIPS 涓錛屼綔涓烘暎鍒楁暟鎹鐨勬爣鍑嗐傚畠鍙浜х敓涓涓 160 浣嶇殑鏁ｅ垪鍊箋係HA-1鏄嫻佽岀殑鐢ㄤ簬鍒涘緩鏁板瓧絳懼悕鐨勫崟鍚戞暎鍒楃畻娉曘
鍦∕D5琚鐜嬪皬浜戜負浠ｈ〃鐨勪腑鍥戒笓瀹剁牬璇戜箣鍚庯紝涓栫晫瀵嗙爜瀛︾晫浠嶇劧璁や負SHA錛1鏄瀹夊叏鐨勩2005騫2鏈7鏃ワ紝緹庡浗鍥藉舵爣鍑嗘妧鏈鐮旂┒闄㈠彂琛ㄧ敵鏄庯紝SHA錛1娌℃湁琚鏀葷牬錛屽苟涓旀病鏈夎凍澶熺殑鐞嗙敱鎬鐤戝畠浼氬緢蹇琚鏀葷牬銆傝屼粎浠呭湪涓鍛ㄤ箣鍚庯紝鐜嬪皬浜戝氨鍙戝竷浜嗘秷鎮錛岃存槑浜哠HA-1綆楁硶瀵繪壘涓瀵圭版挒鐨勫嶆潅搴︽槸2^69錛岃屼笉鏄瀵嗙爜瀛﹀朵互鍓嶈や負鐨2^80銆
濡備綍鐞嗚В榪欎釜緇撴灉鍛錛熷湪寰堝氭姤閬撲腑錛屽寘鎷灞變笢澶у︾殑緗戠珯涓婏紝閮借碨HA1琚鏀葷牬浜嗭紝琚鐮磋В浜嗭紝浜戜簯銆備綔鑰呭硅繖綾昏存硶鎸佷繚鐣欐佸害銆傚紩鐢ㄧ帇灝忎簯鏁欐巿璁烘枃涓鐨勮存硶錛
鈥滃逛簬SHA0錛岃繖縐嶆敾鍑誨緢鏈夋晥錛屾垜浠鑳藉熷湪涓嶈秴榪2^39嬈Hash鎿嶄綔涓鎵懼埌瀹為檯鐨勭版挒銆傛垜浠涔熷瑰急鍖栧埌58姝ョ殑SHA1榪涜屼簡鏀誨嚮錛屽苟鍦ㄤ笉瓚呰繃2^33嬈Hash鎿嶄綔涓鎵懼埌浜嗗疄闄呯殑紕版挒銆傗
鈥淪HA0鍜58姝ョ殑SHA1鏄浣滀負80姝ュ畬鏁碨HA1鐨勭畝鍖栫増錛岀敤鏉ラ獙璇佹垜浠鐨勬柊鏂規硶鐨勬晥鐜囩殑銆傛ゅ栵紝鎴戜滑鐨勫垎鏋愯〃鏄庯紝鍑忓急鍒70姝ョ殑SHA1鐨勭版挒澶嶆潅搴︽槸2^50嬈Hash鎿嶄綔銆傚熀浜庤繖涓浼拌★紝鎴戜滑鏈熸湜鍦ㄧ幇鍦ㄧ殑瓚呯駭璁＄畻鏈轟笂鑳芥壘鍒70姝SHA1鐨勭湡瀹炵版挒銆傗
鎵浠ワ紝涓ユ牸璇存潵搴旇ヨ繖鏍風悊瑙ｏ細榪欎釜緇撴灉鎶婃敾鐮碨HA1鐨勮＄畻閲忛檷浣庝簡2000鍊嶃傚湪鏌愪簺鎯呭喌涓嬶紝SHA1浼間箮璧板埌浜嗕笉瀹夊叏鐨勮竟緙樸
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18. 鏁板瓧閴村悕
瀵嗙爜鎶鏈闄や簡鎻愪緵淇℃伅鐨勫姞瀵嗚В瀵嗗栵紝榪樻彁渚涘逛俊鎮鏉ユ簮鐨勯壌鍒銆佷繚璇佷俊鎮鐨勫畬鏁村拰涓嶅彲鍚﹁ょ瓑鍔熻兘錛岃岃繖涓夌嶅姛鑳介兘鏄緇撳悎鏁板瓧絳懼悕鎶鏈鏉ュ疄鐜扮殑銆
綆鍗曞湴璇達紝鏁板瓧絳懼悕鐨勫師鐞嗗彲浠ヨ繖鏍風悊瑙ｏ細鐢ㄩ潪瀵圭О綆楁硶鐨勭侀掗鍔犲瘑鐨勫唴瀹瑰彧鑳界敤瀵瑰簲鐨勫叕閽ユ潵瑙ｅ瘑銆傝岀侀掗鏄涓嶅叕寮鐨勩傚洜姝わ紝濡傛灉涓孌典俊鎮鑳界敤鏌愪釜浜虹殑鍏閽ヨВ瀵嗭紝閭ｄ箞瀹冧竴瀹氭槸鐢ㄦや漢鐨勭侀掗鍔犲瘑鐨勩傚畠鍜岀墿鐞嗙殑絳懼悕涓鏍鳳紝鏄寰堥毦浼閫犵殑銆
鍦ㄥ疄闄呭簲鐢ㄤ腑錛屾暟瀛楃懼悕鐨勮繃紼嬮氬父鏄榪欐牱瀹炵幇錛
灝嗚佷紶閫佺殑鏄庢枃閫氳繃涓縐嶅嚱鏁拌繍綆楋紙Hash錛夎漿鎹㈡垚鎶ユ枃鎽樿侊紙涓嶅悓鐨勬槑鏂囧瑰簲涓嶅悓鐨勬姤鏂囨憳瑕侊級錛屾姤鏂囨憳瑕佺敤縐侀掗鍔犲瘑鍚庝笌鏄庢枃涓璧蜂紶閫佺粰鎺ュ彈鏂癸紝鎺ュ彈鏂圭敤鍙戦佹柟鐨勫叕閽ユ潵瑙ｅ瘑鎶ユ枃鎽樿侊紝鍐嶅皢鎺ュ彈鐨勬槑鏂囦駭鐢熸柊鐨勬姤鏂囨憳瑕佷笌鍙戦佹柟鐨勬姤鏂囨憳瑕佹瘮杈冿紝姣旇緝緇撴灉涓鑷磋〃紺烘槑鏂囩『瀹炴潵鑷鏈熸湜鐨勫彂閫佹柟錛屽苟涓旀湭琚鏀瑰姩銆傚傛灉涓嶄竴鑷磋〃紺烘槑鏂囧凡琚綃℃敼鎴栦笉鏄鏉ヨ嚜鏈熸湜鐨勫彂閫佹柟銆
19. 鏁板瓧璇佷功
涓轟簡淇濊瘉浜掕仈緗戜笂鐢靛瓙浜ゆ槗鍙婃敮浠樼殑瀹夊叏鎬э紝闃茶寖浜ゆ槗鍙婃敮浠樿繃紼嬩腑鐨勬鴻瘓琛屼負錛屽繀欏誨湪緗戜笂寤虹珛涓縐嶄俊浠繪満鍒躲傝繖灝辮佹眰鍙傚姞鐢靛瓙鍟嗗姟鐨勪拱鏂瑰拰鍗栨柟閮藉繀欏繪嫢鏈夊悎娉曠殑韜浠斤紝騫朵笖鍦ㄧ綉涓婅兘澶熸湁鏁堟棤璇鐨勮榪涜岄獙璇併傛暟瀛楄瘉涔︽槸涓縐嶆潈濞佹х殑鐢靛瓙鏂囨。銆傚畠鎻愪緵浜嗕竴縐嶅湪Internet涓婇獙璇佹偍韜浠界殑鏂瑰紡錛屽叾浣滅敤綾諱技浜庡徃鏈虹殑椹鵑┒鎵х収鎴栨棩甯哥敓媧諱腑鐨勮韓浠借瘉銆傚畠鏄鐢變竴涓鐢辨潈濞佹満鏋----CA璇佷功鎺堟潈(Certificate Authority)涓蹇冨彂琛岀殑錛屼漢浠鍙浠ュ湪浜掕仈緗戜氦寰涓鐢ㄥ畠鏉ヨ瘑鍒瀵規柟鐨勮韓浠姐傚綋鐒跺湪鏁板瓧璇佷功璁よ瘉鐨勮繃紼嬩腑錛岃瘉涔﹁よ瘉涓蹇冿紙CA錛変綔涓烘潈濞佺殑銆佸叕姝ｇ殑銆佸彲淇¤禆鐨勭涓夋柟錛屽叾浣滅敤鏄鑷沖叧閲嶈佺殑銆
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闅忕潃Internet鐨勬櫘鍙娿佸悇縐嶇數瀛愬晢鍔℃椿鍔ㄥ拰鐢靛瓙鏀垮姟媧誨姩鐨勯為熷彂灞曪紝鏁板瓧璇佷功寮濮嬪箍娉涘湴搴旂敤鍒板悇涓棰嗗煙涔嬩腑錛岀洰鍓嶄富瑕佸寘鎷錛氬彂閫佸畨鍏ㄧ數瀛愰偖浠躲佽塊棶瀹夊叏絝欑偣銆佺綉涓婃嫑鏍囨姇鏍囥佺綉涓婄劇害銆佺綉涓婅㈣喘銆佸畨鍏ㄧ綉涓婂叕鏂囦紶閫併佺綉涓婄即璐廣佺綉涓婄即紼庛佺綉涓婄倰鑲°佺綉涓婅喘鐗╁拰緗戜笂鎶ュ叧絳夈
20. CA
CA鏄疌ertification Authority鐨勭緝鍐欍侰A涓蹇冿紝鍙堢О涓烘暟瀛楄瘉涔﹁よ瘉涓蹇冦侰A涓蹇冧綔涓虹數瀛愪氦鏄撲腑鍙椾俊浠葷殑絎涓夋柟錛岃礋璐ｄ負鐢靛瓙鍟嗗姟鐜澧冧腑鍚勪釜瀹炰綋棰佸彂鏁板瓧璇佷功錛屼互璇佹槑鍚勫疄浣撹韓浠界殑鐪熷疄鎬э紝騫惰礋璐ｅ湪浜ゆ槗涓媯楠屽拰綆＄悊璇佷功錛涙暟瀛楄瘉涔︾殑鐢ㄦ埛鎷ユ湁鑷宸辯殑鍏閽/縐侀掗瀵廣傝瘉涔︿腑鍖呭惈鏈夎瘉涔︿富浣撶殑韜浠戒俊鎮銆佸叾鍏閽ユ暟鎹銆佸彂璇佹満鏋勫悕縐扮瓑錛屽彂璇佹満鏋勯獙璇佽瘉涔︿富浣撲負鍚堟硶娉ㄥ唽瀹炰綋鍚庯紝灝卞逛笂榪頒俊鎮榪涜屾暟瀛楃懼悕錛屽艦鎴愯瘉涔︺傚湪鍏閽ヨ瘉涔︿綋緋諱腑錛屽傛灉鏌愬叕閽ョ敤鎴烽渶瑕佷換浣曞叾瀹冨凡鍚慍A娉ㄥ唽鐨勭敤鎴風殑鍏閽ワ紝鍙鐩存帴鍚戣ョ敤鎴風儲鍙栬瘉涔︼紝鑰屽悗鐢–A鐨勫叕閽ヨВ瀵嗚В瀵嗗嵆鍙寰楀埌璁よ瘉鐨勫叕閽ワ紱鐢變簬璇佷功涓宸叉湁CA鐨勭懼悕鏉ュ疄鐜拌よ瘉錛屾敾鍑昏呬笉鍏鋒湁CA鐨勭懼悕瀵嗛掗錛屽緢闅句吉閫犲嚭鍚堟硶鐨勮瘉涔︼紝浠庤屽疄鐜頒簡鍏閽ョ殑璁よ瘉鎬с 鏁板瓧璇佷功璁よ瘉涓蹇冩槸鏁翠釜緗戜笂鐢靛瓙浜ゆ槗瀹夊叏鐨勫叧閿鐜鑺,鏄鐢靛瓙浜ゆ槗涓淇¤禆鐨勫熀紜銆備粬蹇呴』鏄鎵鏈夊悎娉曟敞鍐岀敤鎴鋒墍淇¤禆鐨勫叿鏈夋潈濞佹с佷俊璧栨у強鍏姝ｆх殑絎涓夋柟鏈烘瀯銆
CA鐨勬牳蹇冨姛鑳藉氨鏄鍙戞斁鍜岀＄悊鏁板瓧璇佷功銆傛傛嫭鍦拌達紝CA璁よ瘉涓蹇冪殑鍔熻兘涓昏佹湁錛氳瘉涔﹀彂鏀俱佽瘉涔︽洿鏂般佽瘉涔︽挙閿鍜岃瘉涔﹂獙璇併傚叿浣撴弿榪板備笅錛
錛1錛夋帴鏀墮獙璇佺敤鎴鋒暟瀛楄瘉涔︾殑鐢寵楓
錛2錛夌『瀹氭槸鍚︽帴鍙楃敤鎴鋒暟瀛楄瘉涔︾殑鐢寵鳳紝鍗寵瘉涔︾殑瀹℃壒銆
錛3錛夊悜鐢寵瘋呴佸彂錛堟垨鎷掔粷棰佸彂錛夋暟瀛楄瘉涔︺
錛4錛夋帴鏀躲佸勭悊鐢ㄦ埛鐨勬暟瀛楄瘉涔︽洿鏂拌鋒眰銆
錛5錛夋帴鏀剁敤鎴鋒暟瀛楄瘉涔︾殑鏌ヨ銆佹挙閿銆
錛6錛変駭鐢熷拰鍙戝竷璇佷功鐨勬湁鏁堟湡銆
錛7錛夋暟瀛楄瘉涔︾殑褰掓。銆
錛8錛夊瘑閽ュ綊妗ｃ
錛9錛夊巻鍙叉暟鎹褰掓。銆
21. PGP
PGP鏄疨retty Good Privacy鐨勭緝鍐欍侾GP鏈鍒濇槸Phil Zimmermann鍦1991騫村啓鐨勪竴濂楃▼搴忕殑鍚嶅瓧銆傝繖濂楃▼搴忓悗鏉ョ敱MIT, ViaCrypt, PGP Inc.緇存姢鍜屽彂甯冦傜幇鍦ㄧ殑PGP鐢盢etwork Associates Inc. (NAI)浣滀負鍟嗕笟杞浠惰繘琛岄攢鍞銆傚悓鏃訛紝PGP涔熸槸涓涓緗戠粶鏍囧噯鐨勫悕瀛(RFC 2440: Open PGP Message Format)銆傚湪榪欓噷錛屾垜浠涓昏佽ㄨ轟綔涓篟FC鏍囧噯鐨凱GP銆
PGP鏄涓縐嶄互RSA絳夊瘑鐮佺畻娉曚負鍩虹錛岀敤鏉ヤ繚鎶ょ數瀛愰偖浠剁瓑淇℃伅鐨勫畨鍏ㄦх殑緋葷粺銆傚彲浠ョ敤瀹冨逛綘鐨勯偖浠朵繚瀵嗕互闃叉㈤潪鎺堟潈鑰呴槄璇伙紝瀹冭繕鑳藉逛綘鐨勯偖浠跺姞涓婃暟瀛楃懼悕浠庤屼嬌鏀朵俊浜哄彲浠ョ『淇￠偖浠舵槸浣犲彂鏉ョ殑銆傚畠璁╀綘鍙浠ュ畨鍏ㄥ湴鍜屼綘浠庢湭瑙佽繃鐨勪漢浠閫氳錛屼簨鍏堝苟涓嶉渶瑕佷換浣曚繚瀵嗙殑娓犻亾鐢ㄦ潵浼犻掑瘑鍖欍
瀹冪殑鍔犲瘑鏂規硶鐢ㄧ殑鏄鎴戜滑鍓嶉潰璁ㄨ鴻繃鐨勭畻娉曘傚畠涓庡叾瀹冪郴緇熶笉鍚岀殑鍦版柟鍦ㄤ簬瀹冪殑瀵嗛掗綆＄悊銆
涓涓鎴愮啛鐨勫姞瀵嗕綋緋誨繀鐒惰佹湁涓涓鎴愮啛鐨勫瘑閽ョ＄悊鏈哄埗閰嶅椼傚叕閽ヤ綋鍒剁殑鎻愬嚭灝辨槸涓轟簡瑙ｅ喅浼犵粺鍔犲瘑浣撶郴鐨勫瘑閽ュ垎閰嶈繃紼嬩繚瀵嗙殑緙虹偣銆傛瘮濡傜綉緇滈粦瀹浠甯哥敤鐨勬墜孌典箣涓灝辨槸"鐩戝惉"錛屽傛灉瀵嗛掗鏄閫氳繃緗戠粶浼犻佸氨澶鍗遍櫓浜嗐傚筆GP鏉ヨ村叕閽ユ湰鏉ュ氨瑕佸叕寮錛屽氨娌℃湁闃茬洃鍚鐨勯棶棰樸備絾鍏閽ョ殑鍙戝竷涓浠嶇劧瀛樺湪瀹夊叏鎬ч棶棰橈紝渚嬪傚叕閽ヨ綃℃敼錛坧ublic key tampering錛夛紝榪欏彲鑳芥槸鍏閽ュ瘑鐮佷綋緋諱腑鏈澶ф紡媧 銆傜敤鎴峰繀欏葷『淇＄敤鎴風殑鍏閽ュ睘浜庨渶瑕佹敹淇＄殑閭ｄ釜浜恆
涓嬮潰涓句釜渚嬪瓙鏉ヨ存槑榪欎釜闂棰橈細浠ョ敤鎴稟鍜岀敤鎴稡閫氫俊涓轟緥錛岀幇鍋囪劇敤鎴稟鎯崇粰鐢ㄦ埛B鍙戜俊錛岄栧厛鐢ㄦ埛A灝卞繀闇鑾峰彇鐢ㄦ埛B鐨勫叕閽ワ紝鐢ㄦ埛A浠嶣BS涓婁笅杞芥垨鍏跺畠閫斿緞寰楀埌浜咮鐨勫叕閽ワ紝騫剁敤瀹冨姞瀵嗕簡淇′歡鍙戠粰浜咮銆備笉騫哥殑鏄錛岀敤鎴稟鍜孊閮戒笉鐭ラ亾錛屽彟涓涓鐢ㄦ埛C娼滃叆BBS鎴栫綉緇滀腑錛屼睛鍚鎴栨埅鍙栧埌鐢ㄦ埛B鐨勫叕閽ワ紝鐒跺悗鍦ㄨ嚜宸辯殑PGP緋葷粺涓鐢ㄧ敤鎴稡鐨勫悕瀛楃敓鎴愬瘑閽ュ逛腑鐨勫叕閽ユ浛鎹浜嗙敤鎴稡鐨勫叕閽ワ紝騫舵斁鍦˙BS涓婃垨鐩存帴浠ョ敤鎴稡鐨勮韓浠芥妸鏇存崲鍚庣殑鐢ㄦ埛B鐨勨滃叕閽モ濆彂緇欑敤鎴稟銆傞偅鐢ㄦ埛A鐢ㄦ潵鍙戜俊鐨勫叕閽ユ槸宸茬粡鏄鏇存敼榪囩殑錛屽疄闄呬笂鏄鐢ㄦ埛C浼瑁呯敤鎴稡鐢熸垚鐨勫彟涓涓鍏閽ャ傝繖鏍瘋皝閮戒笉浼氳搗鐤戝績錛屼絾榪欐牱涓鏉ョ敤鎴稡鏀跺埌鐢ㄦ埛A鐨勬潵淇″悗灝變笉鑳界敤鑷宸辯殑縐侀掗瑙ｅ瘑浜嗭紝鏇村彲鎮剁殑鏄錛岀敤鎴稢榪樺彲浼閫犵敤鎴稡鐨勭懼悕緇欑敤鎴稟鎴栧叾浠栦漢鍙戜俊錛屽洜涓虹敤鎴稟鎵嬩腑鐨勫叕閽ユ槸浼閫 錛岀敤鎴稟浼氫互涓虹湡鏄鐢ㄦ埛B鐨勬潵淇°
闃叉㈣繖縐嶆儏鍐靛嚭鐜扮殑鏈濂藉姙娉曟槸閬垮厤璁╀換浣曞叾浠栦漢鏈夋満浼氱℃敼鍏閽ワ紝浣嗚兘鍋氬埌榪欎竴鐐圭殑鏄闈炲父鍥伴毦鐨勶紝涓縐嶆柟娉曟槸鐩存帴浠庣敤鎴稡鎵嬩腑寰楀埌浠栫殑鍏閽ワ紝鐒惰屽綋浠栧湪榪滃湪浠栦埂鎴栧湪鏃墮棿涓婃牴鏈涓嶅彲杈懼埌鏃訛紝榪欐槸涓嶅彲鍔炲埌鐨勩
浣哖GP鎻愬嚭浜嗕竴縐嶅叕閽ヤ粙緇嶆満鍒舵潵瑙ｅ喅榪欎釜闂棰橈紝鍏舵濊礬鏄榪欐牱鐨勶細濡傛灉鐢ㄦ埛A鍜岀敤鎴稡鏈変竴涓鍏卞悓鐨勬湅鍙婦錛岃孌鐭ラ亾浠栨墜涓鐨凚鐨勫叕閽ユ槸姝ｇ『鐨勩傝繖鏍稤灝辨垚涓虹敤鎴稟鍜孊涔嬮棿鐨勫叕璇佷漢錛岀敤鎴稡涓轟簡闃叉㈠埆浜虹℃敼鑷宸辯殑鍏閽ワ紝灝辨妸緇忚繃D絳懼悕鐨勮嚜宸辯殑鍏閽ヤ笂杞藉埌BBS涓婅╃敤鎴峰幓鎷匡紝鐢ㄦ埛A鎯寵佸彇寰楃敤鎴稡鐨勫叕閽ュ氨蹇呴渶鍏堣幏鍙朌鐨勫叕閽ユ潵瑙ｅ瘑BBS鎴栫綉涓婄粡榪嘍絳懼悕鐨凚鐨勫叕閽ワ紝榪欐牱灝辯瓑浜庡姞浜嗗弻閲嶄繚闄╋紝涓鑸娌℃湁鍙鑳藉幓綃℃敼瀹冭屼笉琚鐢ㄦ埛鍙戠幇錛屽嵆浣挎槸BBS鐨勭＄悊鍛樸傝繖灝辨槸浠庡叕鍏辨笭閬撲紶閫掑叕閽ョ殑瀹夊叏鎵嬫點
璇村埌榪欓噷涔熻告湁浜轟細鎯沖埌錛屽彧閫氳繃涓涓絳懼悕鍏璇佸姏搴︽槸涓嶆槸灝忎簡鐐廣 PGP褰撶劧鑰冭檻鍒頒簡榪欎竴鐐癸紝瀹冪殑鍔炴硶灝辨槸鎶婄敱涓嶅悓鐨勪漢絳懼悕鐨勮嚜宸辯殑鍏閽ユ敹闆嗗湪涓璧鳳紝鍙戦佸埌鍏鍏卞満鍚堬紝榪欐牱鍙浠ュ笇鏈涘ぇ閮ㄥ垎浜鴻嚦灝戣よ瘑鍏朵腑涓涓錛屼粠鑰岄棿鎺ヨよ瘉浜嗙敤鎴風殑鍏閽ャ傚悓鏍風敤鎴風句簡鏈嬪弸鐨勫叕閽ュ悗搴旇ュ瘎鍥炵粰浠栵紝榪欐牱灝卞彲浠ヨ╀粬閫氳繃璇ョ敤鎴瘋璇ョ敤鎴風殑鍏朵粬鏈嬪弸鎵璁よ瘉銆傛湁鐐規剰鎬濆惂錛屽拰鐜板疄紺句細涓浜轟滑鐨勪氦寰涓鏍楓侾GP浼氳嚜鍔ㄦ牴鎹鐢ㄦ埛鎷垮埌鐨勫叕閽ヤ腑鏈夊摢浜涙槸鏈嬪弸浠嬬粛鏉ョ殑錛屾妸瀹冧滑鍒嗕負涓嶅悓鐨勪俊浠葷駭鍒錛屼緵鐢ㄦ埛鍙傝冨喅瀹氬瑰畠浠鐨勪俊浠葷▼搴︺備篃鍙鎸囧畾鏌愪漢鏈夊嚑灞傝漿浠嬪叕閽ョ殑鑳藉姏錛岃繖縐嶈兘鍔涙槸闅忕潃璁よ瘉鐨勪紶閫掕岄掑噺鐨勩
濡備綍瀹夊叏鍦板緱鍒癉鎴栧叾浠栫懼悕鏈嬪弸鐨勫叕閽ュ憿錛熺『瀹炴湁鍙鑳界敤鎴稟鎷垮埌鐨凞鎴栧叾浠栫懼悕鐨勬湅鍙嬬殑鍏閽ヤ篃鍋囩殑錛屼絾榪欏氨奼傝繖涓鐢ㄦ埛C蹇呴』瀵逛綘浠涓変漢鐢氳嚦寰堝氫漢閮藉緢鐔熸倝錛岃繖鏍風殑鍙鑳芥т笉澶э紝鑰屼笖蹇呴渶緇忚繃闀挎椂闂寸殑絳栧垝銆傚綋鐒訛紝濡傛灉涓瀹氳佽拷絀惰繖涓鐐圭殑璇濓紝閭ｅ氨鏄鐢變竴涓澶у舵櫘閬嶄俊浠葷殑鏈烘瀯鎷呭綋榪欎釜瑙掕壊錛屼粬琚縐頒負璁よ瘉鏉冨▉鏈烘瀯錛屾瘡涓鐢變粬絳捐繃瀛楃殑鍏閽ラ兘琚璁や負鐪熺殑錛岃繖鏍峰ぇ瀹跺彧瑕佹湁浠栫殑鍏閽ュ氨琛屼簡錛岃よ瘉榪欎釜浜虹殑鍏閽ユ槸鏂逛究鐨勶紝鍥犱粬騫挎硾鎻愪緵榪欎釜鏈嶅姟錛屽亣鍐掍粬鐨勫叕閽ユ槸鏋佸洶闅劇殑錛屽洜涓轟粬鐨勫叕閽ユ祦浼犲箍娉涖傝繖鏍風殑"鏉冨▉鏈烘瀯"閫傚悎鐢遍潪涓浜烘帶鍒剁粍緇囨垨鏀垮簻鏈烘瀯鍏呭綋----榪欏氨鏄鎴戜滑鍓嶉潰璁ㄨ鴻繃鐨凜A銆
22. 鏁板瓧淇″皝
鏁板瓧淇″皝鏄涓縐嶇患鍚堣繍鐢ㄥ圭О綆楁硶銆侀潪瀵圭О綆楁硶銆佹秷鎮鎽樿佺畻娉曞拰鏁板瓧絳懼悕鐨勬秷鎮鍔犲瘑鏈哄埗銆備負浠涔堣佸紩鍏ヨ繖縐嶆満鍒跺憿錛熻繖鏄鍥犱負錛
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