⑴ 被動語態的構成
（1）助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞、
（2）情態動詞+be+及物動詞的過去分詞
現以動詞ask為例，將一般現在時和一般過去時的被動語態列表如下 肯定式否定式疑問式一般現在時 I am asked..
He/she is asked...
We/you/they are asked... I am not asked...
He/She is not asked...
We/you/they are not asked... Am I asked...?
Is he/she asked...？
Are we/you/they asked...？ 一般過去時 I was asked...
He/She was asked ...
We/you/they were asked... I was not asked...
He/Shewas not asked...
We/you/they were not asked Was I asked...？
Was he/she asked...?
Were we/you/they asked...? 被動語態常用於陳述事實，一般用在科技文章或新聞報道中。 一般現在時、一般過去時用be +及物動詞的.過去分詞，be有人稱、時、數變。
完成時態have（has）done，被動將been加中間。
一般將來shall（will）do，被動變do為be done。
將來進行無被動，shall（will）be doing。
現在完成時，have（has）been done。
現、過進行be doing，被動be加being done。
情、助、有、是妥安排，一律隨新主語變。
否定助後加not，疑問一助置主前。
主語恰是疑問詞，直陳語序主在前。
一般情助加be done，雙賓多將間賓變。
復合賓語賓變主，賓補、主補相應變。
第二句「be有人稱、時、數變」即be有人稱、時態和單、復數的變化。「情助」是指情態動詞和助動詞「must，may，can，shall，will」等一律隨新主語（多是主動句中的賓語）來變化。「疑問一助置主前」是說有兩個助動詞的話，應把主語放在第一助動詞之後或把第一助動詞置於主語之前。下面詳細舉例說明之：
主動語態變為被動語態例句：
一般現在時：
主：We believe him.
被：He is believed by us.
一般過去時：
主：He bought his children some pens.
被：Some pens were bought for his children by him.
一般將來時：
主：Everyone will know the truth soon .
被：The truth will be known by everyone.
現在進行時：
主：Mary is making a doll.
被：A doll is being made by Mary.
過去進行時：
主：They were carrying the hurt player.
被：The hurt player was being carried by them .
現在完成時：
主：He has received the letter.
被：The letter has been received by him.
過去完成時：
主：They had built ten bridges.
被：Ten bridges had been built by them 例：
1、主動：The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.
被動：The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.
孩子們熱烈地歡迎外賓。
2、
主動：People regard him as brilliant.
被動：He is regarded as brilliant by people.
人們認為他很有才華。
以上兩例都是一般時態用「be done」的事例，be有人稱、時、數變，第三人稱「foreign friends」是復數，時態一般過去時，所以「be done」就是「were given」，而「People regard him as brilliant」一句，被動後的「be done」就變成單數第三人稱「is regarded」的形式了。
被動：
This speech was delivered by comrade Wang. （「was delivered」即為一般過去時的被動態）
這是王同志的講演。
There was a serious train accident near the border. Two people were killed and twelve were injured.
邊境發生非常嚴重列車事故，兩人死亡，十二人受傷。
A person who is truly honest is called a straight arrow.
直言不諱的人才是真正誠實的人。
A note was passed up to the speaker.
有人給講演者遞上來一張紙條。
John was elected president of the class instead of Harry.
喬治被選為班長來代替亨利。
Volcanoes are described as active, dormant or extinct.
火山被叫做活火山，休眠火山，或者死火山。
The soldier was killed, but the train was saved.
這位戰士犧牲了，然而列車得救了。
He was thought to be clever but dishonest.
他被認為很聰明但不誠實。
The first zoological garden in the United States was established in 1874.
美國的第一個動物園是1874年建立的。
Families were often broken up; wives were taken away from their husbands and children from their parents.
家庭總是被拆散，丈夫失去妻子，父母失去孩子。
The information is urgently needed.
急需這個資料。
Most environmental problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them were not taken in the past.
多數環境污染問題的存在是因為過去沒有採取適當的保護措施。 「havedone」，被動將「been」加中間。
（過去完成時「had done」也包括在內）。
例：
1、主動：We have studied English for 3 years at the spare-time school.
被動：English has been studied by usfor 3 yearsat the spare-time school.（「have」隨新主語變為「has」）
我們已經在夜校里學了三年英語了。
2、主動：They had proced 100 tractors by the end of last year.
被動：100 tractors had been proced by the end of last year.
到去年年底他們已生產出一百台拖拉機。
3、主動：They have set up a power station in their home town.
被動：A power station has been set up in their home town.
他們的家鄉建立了一座發電站。
4、主動：They have warned us to be careful of rats.
被動：We have been warned to be careful of rats by them.
他們已提醒我們要注意老鼠。
5、主動：People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets.
被動： Plastic bags full of rubbish have been piled in streets.
人們把裝滿垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。
6、主動：We have used nuclear energy to proce electricity.
被動：Nuclear energy has been used to proce electricity by us.
核能被我們用來發電。
7、主動：No one has ever beaten him at tennis.
被動：He has never been beaten at tennis.
就網球來說還沒有人是他的對手。
（「No one」涉及到全否定和部分否定問題，見否定一講）
The person who owns the gun may try to deny that he has used it. But anyone seeing the smoke knows the gun has just been fired.
有槍的人可能會試圖否認他開了槍。但是任何看到槍冒的煙的人都會知道他剛才開了槍。
Today is Cilia's wedding day, she has just been married to Bob.
今天是西麗亞的新婚日，她剛剛和鮑勃結婚。
The subjects of these lectures have been announced by the lecture committee.
演講委員會已宣布了這些講演的題目。
過去完成時也是一樣：
主動：Somebody had cleaned my shoes.
被動：My shoes had been cleaned by somebody.
有人已把我的鞋子擦了。
主動：When I returned I found that they had towed (tow) my car away, I asked why they had done this and they told me that it was because I had parked it under a "No Parking Sign".
被動：My car had been towed away. I asked why this had been done and told that...it had been parked under a "No Parking Sign".
當我回來時，發現我的車被拖走了。我問他們為什麼這么干。他們告訴我說因為我把車停在「禁止停車」的區域。
主動：They had build three ships by last December.
被動：By last December three ships had been built by them.
到去年年底他們已建造了三艘船。
Research had been centred on the improvement of natural building materials before synthetics were created.
合成材料造出之前，研究工作集中在改進天然建築材料上。
He did not say if all those steel pipes had been examined.
他並沒有說那些鋼管是否都檢驗過。
After plastic had been created, engineers were given a much wide choice of materials.
塑料發明之後，工程師們在材料選擇上有了更廣闊的途徑。 「shall(will) do」，被動變「do」為「be done」
即由「shall do」或「will do」變為「shall done」或「will be done」。
例：主動：We shall build several big modern power plants in our city.
被動：Several big modern power plants will be built in our city.
我市將建立幾座大型現代化的發電廠。
（「shall do」中的「shall」要隨新主語變為「will」，「do」要變為「be done」。）
主動：I shall send my second boy to school next September.
被動：My second boy will be sent to school next September.
過年九月我將送我次子去讀書。
主動：In order to fool people cheaps and swindlers will make such bricks out of lead covering the "lead brick" with gold.
被動：Such bricks will be made out of lead covering the "lead brick" with gold by swindlers.
磚塊外面會被騙子們鍍上一層金來做這樣的「金磚」。
主動：They will ask you a lot of strange questions.
被動：You will be asked a lot of strange questions by them.
他們將問你許多怪題。
被動句中的「by」引出的賓語，一般說來，如果是人稱代詞你、我、他等，均可省略，「someone no one」不由「by」來引出。如果是名詞不能省略，但當今英語也都可省略了。
主動：The Chinese people will make more space explorations in the future.
被動：More space explorations will be made in the future by the Chinese people.
中國人民在未來將進行更多的太空探索。
同樣：
After a period of use, the batteries should be changed. 電池使用一段時間後，應該更換。
Usually, the electricity is on for 24 hours. But tomorrow it will be cut off in the day time. 通常是整天供電的，但是明天早晨將會停電。
More peaceful uses will be found for nuclear explosives in the future. 在將來會發現更多的和平利用核爆炸的途徑。
More hard work will be needed to make this wonder come true in a short time from now. 為了在短時間內實現這個奇跡，從現在開始需要做更多工作。
The machine will not be used again. 這機器不能再用了。
Will more gas be needed? 需要更多的煤氣嗎？
但如果是一般過去將來時如何處理呢？請記下面口訣：
一般過去將來時，過去某時將發生。
主動「should（would）」「do」，被動「be done」代原形。
將來進行無被動，現在完成時同。
主動：A few days ago we were still not quite sure whether we should carry out the new plan ahead of time.
被動：whether the new plan would be carried out ahead of time.
幾天前，我們還不能肯定能否應該提前執行新的計劃。
主動：I did not say that we would change the equipment.
被動：I did not say that the equipment would be changed.
我並沒說過我們將換掉那台設備。
主動：My supervisor told me that he would give me a special tutorial a few days ago.
被動：My supervisor told me that a special tutorial would be given to me a few days ago.
幾天前，我的導師說他將對我進行個別輔導。
主動：I never thought that he would bring me the information so early.
被動：I never thought that the information would be brought to me by him so early.
我沒想到他那麼早就會把資料帶給我。 將來進行時無被動，shall（will）be doing，
現在完成時同。have（has）been doing，
即將來進行時表示動作在將來某一時刻或某個階段正在進行，現在完成時表示某一行為發生在過去。
例；We hope your company will soon be sending an engineer over to check this equipment. （將來進行時）我們希望貴公司早些派一名工程師來檢查這台設備。
In a few minutes our passenger plane will be flying in the stratosphere.（將來進行時）幾分鍾後我們的客機將在同溫層中飛行。
We hope scientists will be tapping new energy sources to meet the need for power. 我們希望科學家們將發掘新的能源來滿足能量的需要。（將來進行時）
What will you be doing this evening? 今晚你將做什麼？（將來進行時）
I have been living in Anshan Since 1980.（現在完成時）1980年以來，我一直住在鞍山。
How long have you been studying English? 你學英語多久了？（現在完成時）
We have been waiting at the airport for the because of the thick fog. 由於大霧，我們已經在機場等了一整天了。（現在完成時）
Since then, applied mathematicians have been coping successfully with many problems in astronomy. 從那時以來，應用數學家成功地處理了許多天文學上的問題。
（現在完成時）以上均無被動態。 現在進行時或過去進行時都是「be」的人稱、時和數的形式加「doing」。而被動態則是「be」加上「being done」的形式，「being」是不變的。現在進行時和過去進行時的被動態是被動態的重點，容易搞錯。例如：
主動：The workers are repairing the main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute.
被動：The main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute is being repaired by the workers.
工人們正在維修東北工學院主樓。
Two reservoirs are being built at the same time. 兩座水庫同時建造。
The nasty question is being considered by the committee members. 委員會的委員們正在考慮那個棘手的問題.
Equipment and foodstuffs are being flown to the flood stricken areas. 設備和食品正在被空運到災區。
The building of another fly-over is being planned. 他們在計劃修建另一座跨線橋。
We could not get through because the 19th Road was being repaired. 我們過不去，因為一九路正維修呢。 情、助、有、是妥安排，一律隨新主語變。
帶情態動詞和助動詞等的被動態如何處理比較復雜。要隨新的主語來變化，這些詞如「can, could; will, would; shall, should; may, might; must; ought to; need（需要）;have to（不得不）;be going to; to be to; used to; seem to; happen to等。例如：
主動：We must keep this inmind.
被動：This must be kept inmind.
我們必須把這個記在心裡。
主動：We can put the refrigerator in that place.
被動：The refrigerator can be put in that place.
我們可以把電冰箱放在那個地方。
主動：We shall not use the washing machine again.
被動：The washing machine will not be used again.
我們不能再用那台洗衣機了。 原來的謂語「shall use」被動態中隨新主語變為「will」。
主動：We shall take more measures to prevent corrosion.
被動：More measures will be taken to prevent corrosion. （「shall」變「will」）
我們將採取更多的措施來防止腐蝕。
I ought to be criticized for it. 我應該為此受到批評。
All this has to be solved with great care. 這一切得認真解決。
The lobby is going to be rebuilt. 門廳將被重建。
The exhibition is to be opened tomorrow. 展覽會將在明日開放。
「may」加不定式的完成體或完成進行體表示「可能」，主要用於肯定句，決不能用在疑問句中。而「can」與不定式的完成體或完成進行體連用表示「可能」，只用於否定句和疑問句，不用於肯定句。但如果「can」或「may」的過去式即「could」與「might」與不定式完成體或完成進行體搭配時，可用於各種結構。肯、否、陳、疑，均可。
It can't have been lost in the post, can it?
它不可能是在郵局丟失的吧：（反意疑問句）
否定助後加「not」，疑問一助置主前。
在否定句的被動態中，否定副詞「not」一定加在第一助動詞之後，不放在別的助動詞之後。同樣在疑問句的被動態中，第一助動詞置於主語之前。
例：Why has（一助）not anything been（二助）done to end the strike?
「not」必須放在第一助動詞「has」之後，第一助動詞「has」必須放在主語「anything」之前。決不可寫成： why has not been anything done toendthe strike?或why has been not anything done to end the strike?
為什麼不採取些措施來結束罷工呢？
The exercise will not be done in class.
不可寫成：The exercise will be not done in class.
我們將不在課堂上作練習。
In what other way could（一助）information about Mars be（二助）obtained?
用什麼別的途徑能獲得火星的資料呢？
Why had he been imprisoned?
他為什麼入獄？
Need she be told about it?
需要告訴他嗎？
主語恰是疑問詞，直陳語序主在前
凡主語恰好是一個疑問詞或由疑問詞來修飾主語時，後面要用陳述語序。
例：What（主語）could be dropped from a satellite?
什麼東西會被從衛星上扔下？
What measures（主語）are being taken to develop this new science?（主語為疑問詞「what」所修飾）
什麼措施正在被採取以發展這門新的科技？
What kind of device（主語）is needed to make the control system simple?（主語為疑問詞所修飾）
需要什麼裝置來使控制系統簡化？
What has been done to improve the techniques?
什麼措施已經被採取以改進這些技術？（「what」是句子的主語）
應指出的是有的學生把We study diligently和She could see herself clearly in the mirror.都硬行變成被動了，殊不知不及物動詞通常是沒有被動態的。關於不及物動詞、反身代詞動詞、同源賓語動詞、系詞、感官使役動詞、短語動詞的被動態。 1、把原主動句中的賓語變為被動句的主語
2、把動詞變為被動形式即be +過去分詞，並注意其人稱和數隨主語的變化，而動詞的時態則保持不變。
3、原主動句的主語如需要則放在by後面以它的賓格形式出現（注代詞的賓格），如不需要則可省略。
4、其它的成分（定語、狀語）不變。 理解含情態動詞的被動語態的概念 含情態動詞的被動語態說明某個被動性動作所反映出的感情和態度。初中階段可用於被動語態的情態動詞有「can、may、must、need、should」等，分別表示「能夠被……」，「可以被……」，「必須被……」，「需要被……「，應該被……」等。 掌握含情態動詞的被動語態的不同句式的變換方法含情態動詞的被動語態的疑問句、否定句的變化均藉助於情態動詞完成。 （一）一般疑問句直接將陳述句被動語態中的情態動詞提前。如： Must this work be done at once？這項工作必須立即完成嗎？ Should your homework be finished before six？你的家庭作業應在六點前完成嗎？
（二）特殊疑問句由疑問詞加上一般疑問句被動語態構成。如： When must this work be done？這工作必須在什麼時候完成？ Where can the lost book be found？這本失蹤的書能在什麼地方被找到？
（三）反意疑問句藉助情態動詞構成附加疑問部分。如： This bridge can be built next year，can't it？這座橋能建成，是嗎？ This book shouldn't be taken out of the library，should it？這本書不應被帶出圖書館，是嗎？
（四）否定句在情態動詞後面加上「not」或「never」即可，但「must」表「必要」時否定式為「needn't」。如：This work needn't be done at once．這項工作沒必要立即做。This stbin shouldn't be put here．這個垃圾箱不應放在這兒。 三、含情態動詞的被動語態的一般疑問句的回答應保留原情態動詞，但「must」表「必須」時，其否定回答應用「needn't」、「need」表「必要」時，其肯定回答應用「must」。如： —Should my exercises be finished today？我的作業應在今天完成嗎？ —Yes，they should．是的，應在今天完成。 （No，they shouldn't．不，不應在今天完成。） —Must his exercise book be handed in at once？他的練習本必須立即上交嗎？ —Yes，it must．是的，必須立即上交。 （No，it needn't．不，不必立即上交。） —Need he be operated on at once？他必須立即手術嗎？ —Yes，he must．是的，他必須。 （No，he needn't．不，他不必。） 1）不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態（即多數的瞬間動詞）：
appear, die（死亡）,disappear（消失）, end (vi. 結束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand
break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.
After the fire, very little remained of my house.
比較： rise, fall, happen是不及物動詞；raise, seat是及物動詞。
（錯）The price has been risen.
（對）The price has risen.
（錯）The accident was happened last week.
（對）The accident happened last week.
（錯）The price has raised.
（對）The price has been raised.
（錯）Please seat.
（對）Please be seated.
要想正確地使用被動語態，就須注意哪些動詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學習過程中多留意積累。
2） 不能用於被動語態的及物動詞或動詞短語：
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to
This key just fits the lock.
3）系動詞無被動語態（「keep」除外）：
appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
It sounds good.
4）帶同源賓語的及物動詞，反身代詞，相互代詞，不能用於被動語態：
die, death, dream, live, life
She dreamed a bad dream last night.
5）當賓語是不定式時，很少用於被動語態。
（對）She likes to swim.
（錯）To swim is liked by her.
